PFAS in Produce: What Consumers Should Know

by VINEET DUBEY

Last Updated in Pfas

A recent report analyzing data from California regulators found that nearly 40% of conventionally grown fruits and vegetables tested contained residues of PFAS pesticides. Because California is one of the largest producers of fruits and vegetables in the United States, produce is grown there and is distributed across the country– meaning these findings are relevant to consumers nationwide.

PFAS, or per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, are a group of human-made chemicals commonly referred to as “forever chemicals.” They are used in a variety of products, including food packaging, electronics, nonstick cookware, and agricultural pesticides. These chemicals are valued for their durability and resistance to water, heat, and oil. However, that same durability means they can persist in the environment for extremely long periods of time.

Some PFAS compounds have been linked to potential health concerns such as immune system suppression, certain cancers, and reproductive or developmental effects. Researchers have also raised concerns about their impact on ecosystems, including harm to aquatic ecosystems and wildlife. At the same time, scientists note that many PFAS chemicals have not been fully studied, and research is ongoing to better understand their long-term health effects.

The report reviewed testing conducted in 2023 by California’s Department of Pesticide Regulation. The findings showed PFAS residues on peaches, grapes, strawberries, and dozens of other fruits and vegetables. More than 90% of nectarine, peach, and plum samples contained the PFAS fungicide fludioxonil, which is commonly used after harvest to help prevent mold. Over 80% of cherries, strawberries, and grapes sampled also carried detectable PFAS residues.

Today, roughly 70 PFAS-based pesticides are registered with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and millions of pounds are applied to farmland each year. Environmental health experts say the increasing use of PFAS pesticides is something researchers are watching closely, largely because of how long these chemicals can remain in the environment.

Regulators note that not all PFAs chemicals behave the same way. Some can persist for very long periods, while others break down more quickly. Pesticides must undergo scientific testing before they are approved for use, and when residues are detected on food they are compared with federal tolerance levels designed to represent amounts considered safe over a lifetime of exposure– in other words, detection alone does not necessarily mean there is a health risk.

PFAS contamination has become an increasing focus for policy makers, such as our co-founder Vineet Dubey who has dedicated his legal career protecting individuals from these harmful substances. Several states, including Maine, Rhode Island, Minnesota and North Carolina are exploring or implementing restrictions on certain PFAS uses as researchers continue to learn more about their environmental and health impacts.

While PFAS are widespread and difficult to avoid completely, there are practical steps consumers can take to help reduce exposure through food:

• Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly under running water before eating or preparing them.

• Choose organic products when possible, as organic farmers are not allowed to use PFAS-based pesticides.

• Eat a variety of fruits and vegetables rather than relying heavily on just a few types.

• Peel certain fruits when appropriate to remove potential surface waxes or residues.

• Stay informed about emerging research and food safety guidelines.

Fruits and vegetables remain an important part of a healthy diet, and experts continue to encourage people to include them regularly in their meals. At the same time, understanding how food is grown and taking simple steps to reduce exposure to environmental contaminants can help consumers make more informed choices for themselves and their families. Call CD Law if you have sustained harm due to consumer products.